aetiology

Background

Aetiology

 

Intrinsic

- inflammatory

- degenerative

 

Extrinsic

- traumatic

- spur

 

Epidemiology

 

F > 40

 

Associations 60% of cases  

- hypertension

- diabetes

- obese

- trauma 

- prior surgery

- steroids

 

Sinus Tarsi Syndrome

Anatomy

 

Osseous canal between talus and calcaneum

- interosseous talo-calcaneal ligament

- cervical ligament

- joint capsule

- nerve endings / arterial anastomoses

 

Sinus Tarsi

 

Aetiology

 

Flat foot / overpronation

Inversion / sprain

 

Pathology

 

Background

DefinitionHallux Valgus Severe

 

Bunion

- medial prominence of head of 1st MT

 

Hallux Valgus

- medial deviation 1st MT

- lateral deviation of great toe

 

Anatomy

 

Metatarsal head

- has 2 grooves separating ridge (cristae)

 

Stiffness

 

Incidence

 

10%

 

Requirements

 

70o  swing phase

80o climb up stairs

90o climb down stairs + sit down in chair

100o low chair

 

NHx

 

Stiffness usually subsides at 6-8/52

- generally improves out to 3/12

- slow improvement for up to next 9/12

 

Management

Incidence

 

Knee > Hip

- superficial position

- limited cover of well vascularised muscle 

- watershed area of skin blood supply anterior to the skin incision 

- much increased in fully constrained prosthesis 

 

Ideal < 1%

 

Risk Factors

 

Increased with

- revision

- prior infection

- RA / Psoriatic arthropathy

- DM

Background

Definition

Dislocated Patella

 

Repeated dislocation of patella with minimal trauma

- 15-20% of paediatric acute patella dislocations

- more common girls 

- often bilateral

 

Dislocation occurs unexpectedly when quadriceps contracted with knee in flexion 

 

Direction

 

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