bone marrow aspirate

Epidemiology

Usually after 50-60 years of age

Aetiology

Primary 90% of cases

Secondary

- AVN

- trauma

- instability

Pathology

Definition

Non-union

- arrest of progression to union at fracture site 

- > 6-9 /12

- no visible progressive signs of healing for at least three consecutive months

- individualise for each fracture

- when the surgeon believes the fracture has little or no chance to heal

Delayed union

- failure of fracture to unite within expected time

- still may spontaneously unite