Gastrocnemius tendon 10-25 cm long
- soleus 3-10 cm
- inserts superior calcaneal tuberosity
- fibres spiral 90°
- fibres that lie medially in proximal portion become posterior distally
- allows elastic recoil & energy storage
Plantaris present in 90% population
- medial to T Achilles
Poor blood supply midportion
- mesotenal vessels
Pure Cavus Deformity characterised by
- dorsiflexion of Calcaneus
- plantarflexion of Forefoot
Weakness of Tendoachilles
Usually neuromuscular
- Polio (Most common worldwide)
- Spina bifida
- CP (can be due to overcorrection of T Ach)
- Spinocerebellar Degen (Friedreich's Ataxia)
Lateral compartment of leg
- run through retromalleolar groove
- pass superior and inferior to peroneal tubercle
- covered by inferior peroneal retinaculum
Peroneus longus
- origin lateral condyle of tibia and head fibula
- tendon PL superficial and inferior to brevis in retromalleolar groove
- runs in cuboid groove
- insert plantar surface base of 1st MT and lateral aspect medial cuneiform
Anterior displacement of peroneal tendons out of peroneal groove
Most common in young adults
Acute injury often missed
Congenital
3 % neonates
- resolves spontaneously
Traumatic
Occurs following sporting activities
Entrapment neuropathy of posterior tibial nerve within the tibial tunnel
Flexor Retinaculum
- medial malleolus to posterior calcaneum
Tarsal tunnel
- roof is flexor retinaculum
- tibia anteriorly
Spinal cord dysfunction
- extrinsic compression of the cord or its vascular supply
- caused by degenerative disease of spine
Most common spinal cord dysfunction in patients > 55 years old
C5/6 commonest level