Definition
Condition present at birth
- ankle dorsiflexed & in valgus
- foot abducted
Epidemiology
1 in 1000 births
Aetiology
Probably result of intrauterine positioning
- packaging defect
Associations
Oligohydramnios
DDH
Increased incidence of flexible pes planus in later life
Clinical
Foot can usually be completely corrected passively
DDx
Congenital Posteromedial Bow of Tibia
- foot dorsiflexed
- tibial bow can be palpated
- confirmed with Xray
- not harmful
- can be associate with LLD / 2 cm
- strong association with calcaneovalgus
Congenital Vertical Talus
- calcaneus in equinus
- rockerbottom deformity
- deformity can't be corrected
- confirmed on xray
Neurological Dysfunction
- spinal dysraphism L5
- absence of triceps surae function
- may be cutaneous manifestation on back
- confirmed with spine xray
Management
Usually resolves spontaneously in first year
If severe, treated with regular manipulation
Occasionally need plantarflexion-inversion splintage